MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST

True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs.

True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases.

True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs.

Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B

Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline

Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid

Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus

Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV

True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane.

True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs.

True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises.

True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities.

True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange.

Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus.

The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work.

Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why?

Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange.

From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles

In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli

The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli

Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC

%1 MODULE 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TEST %2%3 These practice questions are designed to test your knowledge of the respiratory system. Each question is followed by the correct answer in red. %4Q1: How many lobes does the right human lung have? A1: Three lobes Q2: Air (and not food) passes in which of the following areas: A. Esophagus B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Both A. and C. A2: B. Nasopharynx Q3: In the respiratory system, gas exchange occurs in the: A. Bronchi B. Respiratory bronchioles C. Terminal bronchioles D. Pulmonary Alveoli E. B & D A3: E. B & D Q4: Label the following five items from the diagram: Label B- Oral Cavity Label D- Epiglottis Label E- Glottis Label F- Trachea Label G- Esophagus A4: Oral Cavity, Epiglottis, Glottis, Trachea, Esophagus Q5: Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why? A5: The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. Q6: A premature baby is having difficulty producing surfactant. Explain what problems may occur and why. A6: Breathing difficulty (respiratory distress) is likely to occur. Surfactant covers the luminal surface and keeps the alveoli from sticking together (or collapsing) during exhalation. Q7: True/False: Positive pressure is used to move air into the lungs. A7: False (Negative pressure) Q8: True/False: During inhalation the diaphragm contracts to pull the lungs open. A8: True Q9: True/False: During inhalation the rib cage lifts in an upward motion to open and expand the lungs. A9: True Q10: True/False: As the thoracic cavity expands and lung volume increases, the density of the gases filling the lungs decreases. A10: True Q11: True/False: When the diaphragm rises, thoracic pressure increases and air naturally flows out of the lungs. A11: True Q12: Boyles law states that gas volume is: A. Directly proportional to temperature B. Inversely proportional to temperature C. Directly proportional to pressure D. Inversely proportional to pressure E. Both A and B A12: D. Inversely proportional to pressure Q13: Which one of the following tracheal cartilages are paired? A. Thyroid B. Cricoid C. Arytenoid D. Epiglottal E. Hyaline A13: C. Arytenoid Q14: Which one of the following is not true of the pleurae? A. The pleurae are membranes that cover surfaces B. Parietal pleurae cover the surfaces surrounding the lungs C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm D. A healthy pleural cavity is nearly empty of air or fluid A14: C. Visceral pleurae cover the diaphragm Q15: Which one of the following is not true of the bronchioles? A. Bronchioles can contain respiratory epithelium B. Bronchioles can contain simple squamous cells C. Bronchioles can contain fossae and mucus D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells E. Bronchioles can contain cilia and mucus A15: D. Bronchioles contain cartilage and goblet cells Q16: Which one of the following is true of the respiratory physiology calculations? A. Vital Capacity (VC) = ERV+TV B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV C. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+RV D. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) = IRV + TV A16: B. Total Lung Capacity (TLC) = VC + RV Q17: True/False: Typical respiratory epithelium contains cells where only some of the pseudostratified columnar cells touch the basement membrane. A17: False (all pseudostratified cells touch the basement membrane.) Q18: True/False: During inhalation, negative pressure draws air into the lungs. A18: True Q19: True/False: During exhalation, the diaphragm rises. A19: True Q20: True/False: The fossae is another name for the pleural cavities. A20: False Q21: True/False: The bronchioles are surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange. A21: False Q22: Matching: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. This condition results in a loss of alveoli. This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. A22: The pleural space fills with air, pus or blood. D. Pleurisy This condition results from fluid-filled alveoli. C. Pulmonary edema This condition results in a loss of alveoli. A. Emphysema This hereditary illness results in excess mucus. B. Cystic Fibrosis Q23: The pressure of three gases equals 1 atmosphere. What is the partial pressure of oxygen (in mmHG) if nitrogen is 300 mmHg and carbon dioxide is 350 mmHg? To receive full credit you must show your work. A23: 110 mmHG 1atm= 760 mmHg 300 mmHg + 350 mmHG + X = 760 mmHg OR: 760 - 300 - 350 = 110 mmHG Q24: Which part of the respiratory system is surrounded by capillaries? Why? A24: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. This is where oxygen passes from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the lungs. Q25: Explain why incomplete ventilation is important for effective gas exchange. A25: Incomplete ventilation helps to maintain a constant temperature within the lungs. The increased temperature allows for greater gas exchange. Q26: From widest to narrowest, the branches of the bronchial tree are: A. Secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles B. Bronchioles, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi C. Tertiary bronchi, secondary bronchi, primary bronchi, bronchioles D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles A26: D. Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles Q27: In gas exchange (external respiration): A. Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the bronchioles C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli D. Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli A27: C. Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries into alveoli Q28: The purpose of alveolar macrophages is to: A. Produce a lipoprotein B. Form a thin, simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli C. Produce mucous in order to trap bacteria D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli A28: D. Act as the primary immune defense within the alveoli Q29: Muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease which restricts the lungs from fully expanding due to muscular weakness. If a person is diagnosed with muscular dystrophy: 1) Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function would be true? 2) Explain your answer. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low B. Vital capacity would abnormally high C. Total lung capacity would remain the same A29: A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low. When someone is diagnosed with muscular weakness, this may cause the person to not be able to take a full deep breath. A. Inspiratory capacity would be abnormally low Vital capacity would decrease because there is a decreased ability to bring in as much air compared to normal values because of muscular weakness. Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = TV+IRV (or) VC-ERV Decreased VC, decreased IC