PART 3: COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY

The correct steps in nursing process are:
A. Assessment, nursing diagnosis, implementation, evaluation, outcome identification
B. Assessment, nursing diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, evaluation
C. Assessment, planning, rationale, evaluation, implementation, nursing diagnosis
D. Assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, outcome identification, evaluation

the eye is normally protected after surgery by the use of
A. cotton wool swab
B. eye pad
C. cartella shield
D. spectacle lenses

the causative organism for trachoma is
A. staphylococcus aureus
B. chlamydia trachomatis
C. wuchereria bancrofti
D. Onchocercomata

Onchocerciasis primarily affect
A. conjunctiva
B. skin and eye
C. brain
D. blood

The pupil in complicated cases of onchocerciasis is
A. oval-pear shaped
B. oblong shaped
C. pear shaped
D. regular shaped

Lagophthalmos in leprosy is due to
A. trigeminal nerve palsy
B. ocular motor nerve palsy
C. abducens nerve palsy
D. facial nerve palsy

The photosensitive pigment in the rod is called
A. topsin
B. opsin
C. rhodopsin
D. none of the above

Anaesthesia is described as all the following except
A. analgesia
B. akinesia
C. loss of sensation
D. relaxation

In which of the following condition can subconjunctival haemorrhage occur
A. pertussis
B. trauma
C. blood disorders
D. all of the above

Keratometer is a machine used in
A. determine the pawer of lens
B. measuring colour vision
C. measurement of the lens capsule
D. measurement of radius of curvature of cornea

The posterior segment of the uveal tract between the retina and the sclera is
A. conjunctiva
B. limbus
C. choroid
D. Cornea

Refraction is the act of
A. dispensing lenses of refracted lens
B. convergence, divergence and accommodation
C. defraction, reflection and prism
D. bending light rays as it passes through a transparent medium

The following are refractive media except
A. cornea
B. sclera
C. aqueous
D. lens

The steps take therapeutically to reduce intraocular pressure include
A. 5% dextrose/0.18% sodium washout
B. muscle relaxants – atracrorium
C. sodium thiopentone
D. mannitol 1.5kg/kg body weight

One of these is not a method of correcting aphakia
A. spectacle glasses
B. IOL implant
C. contact lens
D. cylindrical lens

The commonest cause of low vision in Nigeria is
A. squint
B. glaucoma
C. uncorrected refractive error
D. cataract

The following materials are needed for eye dressing EXCEPT
A. dressing forceps
B. eye pad
C. lint swab
D. normal saline

A concave lens is used in the correction of
A. presbyopia
B. hypermetropia
C. myopia
D. all of the above

the maximum period an eye drop can be used after opening
A. 1 week
B. 4 weeks
C. 6 weeks
D. on expiry date

the space between the lens and the iris is known as
A. posterior chamber
B. anterior chamber
C. vitreous chamber
D. none of the above

in myopia parallel rays of light entering the eye
A. beside the retina
B. behind the retina
C. before the retina
D middle of retina

Normal intra-ocular pressure is between
A. 5-15 mmHg.
B. 8-18 mmHg.
C. 10-21mmHg
D. 15-30 mmHg.

Proptosis is a sign of
A. Ptosis
B. Hypertension
C. Adult glaucoma.
D. Typhoid disease.

The following groups of drugs are used in the treatment of corneal ulcer EXCEPT
A. Analgesics.
B. Antibacterial.
C. Mydriatics
D. Anti-inflammatory agents

Cartella shield is used for
A. Confrontation test
B. Pinhole
C. Protect the eye
D. Cover and uncover test.

A patient with glaucoma should be advised to
A. Take laxative daily
B. Use eye wash on a regular basis
C. Have corrective lens prescription checked monthly
D. Keep an extra supply of eye medication at hand

The following statement about the newborn are true EXCEPT
A. Visual fixations is present
B. The pupil do not react to light
C. Intermittent strabismus may be present
D. Hyperopia may be present

Glands of Zeis are
A. Modified sweat glands
B. Modified lacrimal glands
C. Modified sebaceous glands
D. Modified meibomian glands

Crystalline lens is derived embryologically from the
A. Neuro ectoderm and mesoderm
B. Neuro ectoderm.
C. Surface ectoderm
D. Surface ectoderm and mesoderm.

In retinal artery angiogram, the dye is injected through the
A. Peripheral veins
B. Aorta
C. Retinal artery
D. Retinal vein

The most common type of refractive error is
A. Myopia
B. Hypermetropia
C. Astigmatism
D. Glaucoma

Bilateral paralysis of accommodation can occur in the following condition EXCEPT
A. Diabetes
B. Diphtheria
C. Syphilis
D. Buphthalmos.

Soft contact lens is made up of
A. Silicone
B. Glass
C. Polymethyl methacrylate
D. Hydroxyethylmethacrylate

Contact lens is the best used in
A. Myopia
B. Aphakia
C. Regular astigmatism
D. Irregular astigmastism

Acute haemorrhage conjunctivitis is caused by
A. Adeno virus
B. Pseudomoniasis
C. Entero virus
D. Streptococcus haemolytics.

Incubation period of gonococcal ophthalmic neonatorum is
A. 24 hours
B. 2-4 days
C. 5-14 days
D. 7-10 days

Intense itching is pathogenic features of the following EXCEPT
A. Spring catarrh
B. Follicular
C. Trachoma
D. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

In vascular retinopathies, arterial occlusion is usually due to
A. Anaemia
B. Hypertension
C. Blindness
D. Embolism

Venous occlusion is usually associated with the following EXCEPT
A. Hypertension
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Glaucoma
D. Embolism

Retinoblastoma in children is usually evident before the age of
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five

Congenital cataract may be due to congenital abnormality or
A. Hypertension
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Trauma during birth
D. Idiopathy

The ideal size of a eye pad is
A. 2 inches
B. 2cm.
C. 2mm
D. 2ft

The power of reduced eye is
A. + 50 D
B. +55 D
C. +60
D. +65 D

The following are refractive errors except
A. hyperopia
B. presbyopia
C. myopia
D. astigmatism

The visual defect experienced by a patient with rods only in the retina is
A. scotopic vision
B. night blindness
C. photopic vision
D. colour vision

A condition where images projected to the visual cortex from the two retinae are abnormally unequal in size and shape is
A. anisometropia
B. aniseikonia
C. astigmatism
D. psuedophakia

The following are sources of error in visual acuity assessment except
A. uncooperative patient
B. ocular malingering
C. train eye worker
D. incorrect distance

Sudden loss of vision can be due to the following except
A. papillitis
B. retinal artery occlusion
C. diabetic retinopathy
D. traumatic optic nerve

The orbital cavity is a unique cavity for the following reasons except
A. Provides cushioning for the eyeball
B. Protects the eyeball from injury
C. Prevents accommodation
D. Accommodates the eyeball

The orbital cavity has the following except
A. 2 fissures and 1 foramen
B. 1 facial bone and 2 temporal bones
C. 1 roof and 1 floor
D. 1 medial wall and 1 lateral wall

The orbital cavity consists of the following nerves except
A. optic nerve
B. trochlear nerve
C. obturator nerve
D. oculomotor nerve

The ophthalmic nerve as the first division of the trigeminal nerve branches off as three nerves of
A. lacrimal, frontal and nasociliary nerves
B. corneal, orbital and frontal nerves
C. lacrimal, facial and nasociliary nerves
D. frontal, facial and nasolacrimal nerves

The orbital cavity is
A. circular pear shaped
B. pyramidal coned shaped
C. triangular oval shaped
D. rectangular flat shaped

The eyeball occupies ____ of the orbital cavity
A. 1/6th
B. 1/5th
C. 3/4th
D. 1/4th

The total volume of the orbital cavity is approximately
A. 10 ml
B. 20 ml
C. 30 ml
D. 40 ml

Orbital cavity consists of
A. 5 bones
B. 6 bones
C. 7 bones
D. 8 bones

The orbital cavity bones are lined with
A. muscles and skin
B. fascia and fat
C. nerves and blood vessels
D. lymphatics and lymph nodes

Blowout fractures of the orbital bones usually affects the fragile and weakest bones of the
A. floor only
B. roof only
C. medial wall and floor
D. lateral wall and roof

Which of the following is the most common symptom of myocardial infarction?
Top of Form
A. Haemorrhage
B. Oedema
C. Dyspnoea
D. Chest pain

The main disadvantage of cocaine as a local anaesthetic agent is
A. Causes dry eyes
B. Follicular conjunctivitis
C. Intraocular penetration
D. Epithelial erosions

The principle of fairness is known as:
A. Advocacy
B. Autonomy
C. Justice
D. Accountability

The famous 14 principles of management was first defined by
A. Adam smith
B. James Watt
C. Henri Fayol
D. Elton Mayo

According to Maslow s Hierarchy of human needs, are as follows
A. physiological, safety, love, self-actualization, Esteem
B. physiological, safety, Love, Esteem, Self-actualization
C. physiological, Love, safety, Esteem, self-actualization
D. physiological, self-actualization, Love, safety, Esteem

The adaptation model of Nursing is synonymous with
A. Virginia Henderson
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Calistra Roy
D. Dorothea Orem

Best treatment for a tuberculosis patient is
A. Broad spectrum
B. Haematenics
C. Single drug therapy
D. Multi-drug therapy

The following are the qualities of an ophthalmic nurse except
A. manual dexterity
B. knowledgeable
C. assertiveness
D. ethically competent

Treatment of malignant glaucoma includes all except
A. Topical atropine
B. Topical pilocarpine
C. IV mannitol
D. Vitreous aspiration

The earliest change in glaucoma is
A. Papilloedema
B. Hazy cornea
C. Baring of the blindspot
D. Sickle scotoma

Neovascular glaucoma can occur in all except
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Hypertension
C. CRAO
D. CRVO

In indentation tonometry
A. Plunger indents a hard eye more than a soft eye
B. Lower scale readings are obtained in high intraocular pressure
C. Low scleral rigidity gives high reading of intraocular pressure
D. All of the above

Normal aqueous production rate is about
A. 2.1/min
B. 2.3ul/min
C. 2.6ul/min
D. 2.9ul/min

In normal diurnal variation, intraocular pressure
A. Highest on awakening and lowest during evening
B. Lowest during morning and highest during evening
C. Highest in the morning and evening
D. Lowest in the morning and evening

Epinephrine
A. Reduces aqueous production
B. Reduces aqueous production and increases outflow
C. Reduces outflow facility
D. Increases aqueous production and reduces outflow facility

The most common type of senile cataract is
A. Cuneiform cataract
B. Cupuliform cataract
C. Nuclear cataract
D. None of the above

Visual prognosis is poor in
A. Bilateral congenital cataract
B. Unilateral congenital cataract
C. Zonular cataract
D. Cataract pulverulenta

Anterior segment of the eyeball includes structures lying in front of the
A. Iris
B. Crystalline lens
C. Vitreous body
D. Cornea

The capsule of the crystalline lens is thinnest at the
A. Anterior pole
B. Posterior pole
C. Equator
D. None of the above

Which of these is a sweat gland?
A. Gland of Moll
B. Gland of Zeis
C. Meibomian gland
D. All of the above

The layer of the cornea once destroyed that does not regenerate is
A. Epithelium
B. Bowman s membrane
C. Descemet s membrane
D. All of the above

Sclera is weakest at the level of
A. Corneoscleral junction
B. Equator
C. Insertion of the extraocular muscles
D. Lamina Crisbrosa

Indentation tonometer is based on the fundamental fact that a plunger will indent
A. More in the soft eye
B. More in hard eye
C. Equal in soft and hard eye
D. None of the above

Corneal diameter is increased in
A. Megalocornea
B. Kerotoglobus
C. Keratoconus
D. All of the above

ANSWER: D

All of the following may be associated with night blindness except
A. Pathologic myopia
B. Retinitis pigmentosa
C. Retinitis punctate albbescens
D. Retinitis proliferans

All visual reflexes are developed by
A. 1 year
B. 2 years
C. 5 years
D. 10 years

The avascular coat in the eyeball is
A. Sclera
B. Cornea
C. Retina
D. Choroid

Which of the structure of the eye continues to grow in the lifetime
A. Cornea
B. Iris
C. Lens
D. Retina

The volume of the vitreous is
A. 2ml
B. 3ml
C. 4ml
D. 7ml

All the following are causes of sudden painless loss of vision
A. Central retinal artery occlusion
B. Optic atrophy
C. Optic neuritis
D. Retinal detachment

Flashes of light before the eyes (photopsia) is a feature of
A. Impending retinal detachment
B. Vitreous traction of the retina
C. Retinitis
D. All of the above

The standard power of an intraocular lens implanted in the posterior chamber is
A. 18 diopters
B. 20 diopters
C. 23 diopters
D. 25 diopters

The primary goal of school health services is to
A. Provide medical treatment for teachers
B. Promote overall health and well-being of pupils
C. Decrease the number of school days
D. Improve the academic performance of students

The role of the school health services related to safety
A. Physical fitness assessment
B. Emergency preparedness
C. Vision and hearing screening
D. Mental health counseling