PART 4: COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY

Black spot floating in front of the eye is a clinical manifestation of
A. Iritis
B. Choroiditis
C. Endophthalmitis
D. Panophthalmitis

How many weeks will it take the eye lashes to re-grow after epilation
A. 5 weeks
B. 6 weeks
C. 8 weeks
D. 10 weeks

Hyperopia is corrected with
A. Converging lens
B. Concave lens
C. Diverging lens
D. Concrete lens

The site of lesion in photo- ophthalmia is the
A. Retina
B. Cornea
C. Vitreous
D. Optic nerve

The most common cause of hypopyon is
A. Pneumococcus
B. Staphylococcus
C. Moraxella
D. Gonococcus

Which of the following is a degenerative condition of the cornea?
A. Arcus senilis
B. Concretion
C. Pemphigus
D. Acne rosacea

Central retinal artery occlusion is usually caused by
A. A tumour of the optic disc
B. A thrombus
C. An embolus
D. Anaemia

A process by which a patient is assessed upon arrival to determine the urgency of the problem and treatment is called
A. An emergency chart
B. An option chart
C. A triage
D. A universal care

The most common type of retinal detachment is
A. Exudative retinal detachment
B. Traction retinal detachment
C. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
D. Conductive retinal detachment

Treatment of severe exophthalmos which does not respond to medical treatment is
A. Compression
B. Decompression
C. Recompression
D. Enucleation
ANSWER: B

When viewed through the pupil, the following are the landmarks of the retina EXCEPT
A. Optic disc
B. Retinal vessels.
C. Macula.
D. Optic nerve

The following are Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) related disorders which can lead to visual impairment EXCEPT
A. Kaposi’s sarcoma.
B. Herpes Zoster ophthalmicus.
C. Grave disease.
D. Cyteomegalovirus

ANSWER: D

The following are vascular disorder which may lead to visual impairment EXCEPT
A. Cardiovascular accident.
B. Diabetic retinopathy.
C. Hypertension.
D. Sickle cell disease
ANSWER: A

The following are common refractive surgery EXCEPT
A. Radial keratotomy
B. Incision keratotomy.
C. Intraocular lens enucleation.
D. Lasaer-in-keratomileusis.

Alkaline burn/ agents on the eye causes
A. Dilatation of the cornea.
B. Relaxation of the cornea
C. Coagulation of the cornea
D. Fluid on the cornea.

The risk factors associated with cataracts include
A. Diet rich in carbohydrate.
B. Exercise
C. Sex
D. Relax.

The eye keeps its shape because of intraocular pressure exerted by the
A. Optic nerve.
B. Vitreous body.
C. Aqueous fluid.
D. Viterous body and aqueous fluid.

The central retinal artery and vein are encased in the
A. Optic nerve.
B. Optic chiasma.
C. Orbital cavity.
D. Vitreous body.

It is possible to see with only one eye but
A. Two dimensional vision will be impaired
B. Three dimensional vision will be impaired
C. One dimensional vision will be impaired
D. Four dimensional vision will impaired

The size of the pupil is controlled by the
A. Peripheral nervous system
B. Central nervous system
C. Autonomic nervous system
D. The amount of blood supply to the eye.

In order to focus on near objects, the eye must make the following adjustments EXCEPT
A. Convergence.
B. Changing the power of the lens
C. Constriction of the pupil
D. Dilatation

Accommodation to near or distant vision is under
A. Involuntary control
B. Voluntary control
C. Blood supply
D. Nerve supply

Binocular or stereoscopic vision enables
A. Involuntary control
B. Voluntary control
C. Blood supply
D. Nerve supply

Rods outnumbered Cones in the retina by about
A. 10 to 1
B. 12 to 1
C. 14 to 1
D. 16 to 1

When exposed to bright light, the within the sensitive rods is accompanied by
A. Dilated
B. Constricte
C. Degraded
D. Occluded

Pulsating proptosis is seen in
A. Orbital varicose vein
B. Thyrotoxicosis
C. Arteriovenous aneurysm
D. Cavernous sinus thrombosis

The most dangerous complication of orbital cellulitis is
A. Diplopia
B. Proptosis
C. Abscess formation
D. Cerebral involvement.

One of the general principles that should be followed in all ophthalmic nursing procedure
A. Always ask for an assistant
B. Obtain consent for surgery
C. Talk to patient at all times during the procedure
D. Explain to patient what you want to do

The ideal dressing pack consists of
A. 6 lint square, 2 eye pads, swabs
B. 8 lint square, 2 eye pads, swabs
C. 4 lint square, 2 eye pads, swabs
D. 3 lint square, 2 eye pads, swabs

After catatract surgery, the Nurse should advice the patient to
A. Carry out eye exercise
B. Lie on supine position with the head immobilized
C. Refrain from vigorous brushing of teeth and hair
D. Do coughing and deep breathing exercise

The following are used to assess visual field of a patient with glaucoma EXCEPT
A. Djerrum screen
B. Confrontation test
C. Perimeter
D. Sheridan- Gardiner test

Undine is used for
A. Eye dressing
B. Eye irrigation
C. Lacrimal washout
D. Anterrior chamber washout

Electrolysis treatment option for
E. Proptosis
F. Ptosis
G. Style
H. Distichiasis

Degenerative condition of the cornea include
A. Arcus senilis
B. Acne rosacea
C. Pemphigus
D. Concretion

The following bacteria are commonly found in eye infection EXCEPT
A. Staphlococcus aureus
B. Maraxella lacunata
C. Neisseria gonorrhea
D. Haemophinus aegyptus.

The average haemoglobin (Hb) count in an adult is
A. 7 – 11 g
B. 12 – 16g
C. 17 – 21g
D. 22 – 26g

The most dangerous complication of cellulitis is
A. Abscess formation
B. Proptosis
C. Diplopia
D. Cerebral involvement

Amsler Grid is a test used for patient with
A. Ciliary body degeneration
B. Lens degeneration
C. Cornea degeneration
D. Macular degeneration

Slit- lamp enables the Nurse to examine the eye with magnification of
A. 5 to 10 times the real image
B. 5 to 20 times the real image
C. 10 to 20 times the real image
D. 10 to 40 times the real image

Intraocular Pressure (IOP) is determined by the following EXCEPT
A. The rate of aqueous production
B. The resistance encountered by the aqueous humour as it flows out of the passage
C. The venous pressure of the episcleral vein that drain into the anterior ciliary vein
D. The venous pressure of the episcleral into the anterior ciliary vein.

51. The most common tumour of the lacrimal gland is the
A. Basal cell carcinoma
B. Mixed tumour
C. Squamous cell carcinoma
D. Malignant melanoma

52. Pre- auricular adenopathy is additional or common feature of
A. Chlamydia conjunctivitis
B. Viral conjunctivitis
C. Bacterial conjunctivitis
D. Allergic conjunctivitis

Which of the following is a component of school health services related to environmental health?
A. Vision and hearing screenings
B. Dental health care
C. Healthy school environment
D. Emergency preparedness

Which of the following is an essential component of primary health care for children of school age?
A. Mental health screening
B. Physical therapy services
C. Immunizations
D. Reproductive health

The level of prevention that focuses on early detection of diseases is
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Tertiary prevention
D. Palliative care

The component of the primary health that focuses on addressing the social determinants of health is
A. Curative services
B. Palliative care
C. Health promotion
D. Rehabilitation services

What is the primary focus of primary health care
A. Specialized care
B. Inpatient care
C. Preventive care
D. Emergency care

Which of the following is not a characteristic of primary health care?
A. Comprehensive care
B. Continuity of care
C. Costly care
D. Coordination of care

The following are the components of school health programme except
A. School health services
B. Healthy school environment
C. Children must be healthy to be educated and must educated to be healthy
D. school counseling, psychological and social services

The school eye health consists of the following components except
A. Eye health education
B. Visual assessment
C. Primary eye care services
D. Eye health information

Community mobilization is defined as
A. The process of organizing community events
B. The process of engaging empowering members
C. The securing of fund for community projects
D. The process of mobilizing government resources for the community

The goal of community mobilization is to
A. Increase community awareness
B. Create community leaders
C. Bring about positive social change
D. Compete with other communities

Which of the following is a key principle of community mobilization?
A. Top-down decision making
B. Professional-led initiatives
C. Empowerment and participation
D. External intervention and control

The role of community leaders in community mobilization is to
A. Enforce rules and regulations
B. Secure funding for community projects
C. Represent and advocate for the community interests
D. Control and dominate community discussions and decisions

One of the following is a potential challenge to community mobilization
A. Decrease community empowerment
B. Limited community involvement
C. Increased dependency on external resources
D. Centralized decision-making

The ideal material for eye pad is
A. cotton wool
B. gauze
C. orange stick
D. all of the above

The ability to answer for your actions is known as
A. Confidentiality
B. Accountability
C. Advocacy
D. Veracity

The most important stage of the nursing process is
A. Evaluation
B. Assessment
C. Planning
D. Implementation

The duty to protect privileged information is called
A. Ethics
B. Morals
C. Confidentiality
D. Honesty

Informed consent is a method that promotes
A. Confidence
B. Justice
C. Autonomy
D. Veracity

To respect a patient's personal space, the nurse:
A. Avoids communication
B. Ensures the curtains are pulled around the patient's bed
C. Stands 2 metres away from the bed
D. Explains nursing care and procedures

The largest part of the cornea structure is the
A. Endothelium
B. Cornea stroma
C. Descemen membrane
D. Epithelium

Besides accommodation, the lens also
A. Correct weak astigmatism
B. Focuses on distant objects
C. Filters the aqueous
D. Filters ultra-violet ray

Which of the following muscles help in the blinking of the lid
A. Orbicularis oris
B. Levator palpebra superioris
C. Currugator muscle
D. Orbicularis oculi

Retina developed from the
A. Surface ectoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Neuraectoderm
D. Optic vesicle

Tarsal plate is situated in the
A. Eyebrow
B. Eyelids
C. Lacrimal apparatus
D. Conjunctiva

The following describes the nursing management of hyphaema EXCEPT
A. Bed rest
B. Pad the eye
C. Psychological care
D. Viscoelastic therapy

Ethical principles are enshrined in the Nigerian constitution as
A. Legal effect
B. Fundamental rights
C. Bill of right
D. Legal backing

A strong defense under emergency in litigation in the court of law is
A. good Samaritan law
B. off duty nurse
C. documentation
D. res ipsa loquitor

One of these is the basis of all ethical principle
A. principle of individual freedom
B. principle of honesty
C. principle of autonomy
D. principle of life

Objectives of ophthalmic anaesthesia are as follows EXCEPT
A. Akanesia
B. Analgesia
C. Anaesthesia
D. Amnesia

Regional ophthalmic anaesthesia could be achieved through the following routes EXCEPT
A. Intraconal
B. Periconal
C. Retrobulbar
D. Intrathecal

Amethocaine belong to the group of ophthalmic anesthetic called
A. Esters
B. Amides
C. Quinolones
D. relaxants

an example of high potency and lond duration local anaesthetic agent is
A. procaine
B. chloroprocaine
C. tetracaine (amethocaine)
D. lidocaine (lignocaine)

The choice of ophthalmic regional anaesthesia is determined by the following EXCEPT
A. Patient condition
B. Surgeon choice
C. Type of surgery
D. Relative choice

In subconjuctival injection, the choice of needle that is atraumatic is
A. 21 gauge
B. 22 gauge
C. 23 gauge
D. 25 gauge

Retinoblastoma is defined as
A. Malignant tumour of the melanin cells
B. Malignant tumour of the keratin cells
C. Malignant tumour of the photoreceptor cells
D. Malignant tumour of the epithelial cells

The point where the nasal fibre from the two eyes decussate is known as
A. Optic nerve
B. Optic chiasma
C. Optic nerve head
D. Optic foramen

A traumatic chronic inflammatory condition of one eye that eventually affect the other eye known as
A. Panuveitis
B. Panophthalmitis
C. Sympathetic ophthalmitis
D. Pars-planitis

Which of the following is the primary function of the medial rectus muscles
A. Depression
B. Abduction
C. Adduction
D. Elevation

The study of what is right and good with respect to good conduct and character is known as
A. Law
B. Standard
C. Ethics
D. morality

Vitamin A (retinol) is a fat soluble vitamin, its deficiency can cause the following condition EXCEPT
A. Conjunctival xerosis
B. Phthisis bulbi
C. Nylactopia
D. Corneal xerosis

Problem-solving involves identification of
A. Many solution and selecting two
B. Possible solutions and utilizing
C. Single solution and utilizing it
D. Possible solutions and selecting the best

The leading cause of blindness globally is
A. Glaucoma
B. Trachoma
C. Cataract
D. Retina detachment

The earliest feature of xeropthalmia is
A. Dry eye
B. Night blindness
C. Bitot s spot
D. Conjuctival xerosis

The term anisiometropia indicates
A. ageing process
B. refractive error
C. short vision
D. long vision

Which is the most common complication of high myopia
A. Cataract
B. Glaucoma
C. Retina detachment
D. Haemorrhage

Bitot’s spot is a feature associated with deficiency of vitamin
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

Which of the following is a composition of the crystalline lens
A. Urea
B. Acetylcholine
C. Bicarbonate
D. Glutathione

The volume of an adult eyeball is
A. 5.6 ml
B. 6.5 ml
C. 7 ml
D. 8 ml

The doctrine applicable to cases where there is prima facie evidence of negligence is a case of action speak for itself , this is known as
A. Habeas corpus
B. Respondeat superior
C. Res ipsa loquitor
D. Misdemeanors

The following factually describe trespass to person EXCEPT
A. Battering
B. Assault
C. False imprisonment
D. Suit