1. Exposure to which substance protects the mucosal barrier of the
stomach?
a. Prostaglandins
b. Helicobacter pylori
c. Aspirin
d. Regurgitated bile
Prostaglandins. Prostaglandins and enterogastrones, such as gastric
inhibitory peptide, somatostatin, and secretin, inhibit acid
secretion.
2. Glucose transport enhances the absorption of which electrolyte?
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Phosphate
d. Chloride
Sodium. Sodium passes through the tight junctions and is
actively transported across cell membranes. Sodium and
glucose share a common active transport carrier (sodiumglucose ligand transporter 1 [SGLT1]).
3. What is the cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease?
a. Excessive production of hydrochloric acid
b. Zone of low pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter
c. Presence of Helicobacter pylori in the esophagus
d. Reverse muscular peristalsis of the esophagus
Zone of low pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter.
Normally, the resting tone of the lower esophageal sphincter
maintains a zone of high pressure that prevents gastroesophageal
reflux. In individuals who develop reflux esophagitis, this
pressure tends to be lower than normal from either transient
relaxation or a weakness of the sphincter.
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